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00:00:01,440 --> 00:00:04,40
(bright music)

2
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(bright music continues)

3
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(shell cracking)

4
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(hatchlings squeaking)

5
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(gentle music)

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— [David Attenborough] Deep underground,
Amazon turtle hatchlings

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are waiting for rain.

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(thunder rumbling)

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They need just the right amount

10
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to soften the sand to dig themselves free.

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(gentle music)

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Their mothers are waiting
nearby in the river.

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(thunder rumbling)

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Too little rain, and they will be trapped.

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Too much, and they will drown.

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(bright music)

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Life cannot exist without water,

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but too much or too little
can be disastrous

19
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and it can change in an instant.

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If they are to succeed

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in spite of fresh water's
constant changes,

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parents everywhere must adapt.

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In the Amazon's dry season,
huge sandbanks appear.

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In three months' time,
the annual rains will return

25
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and submerge the banks once more.

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(water gurgling)

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Now is the giant Amazon
river turtle's opportunity

28
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to lay eggs,

29
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but she must get the timing right.

30
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Other turtle mothers are gathering,

31
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waiting to lay their eggs.

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(bright music)

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This is the biggest gathering

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of fresh water turtles on the planet.

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(sand rustling)

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The exposed banks remind the females

37
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that now is the right time to nest.

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00:03:06,40 --> 00:03:08,560
When one finds a place that suits her,

39
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she lays nearly 100 eggs
a metre beneath the surface.

40
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(sand rustling) (bright music)

41
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She has made her best guess

42
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as to the right time to nest this year.

43
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Now, she needs the rain
to match her predictions.

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(insects chirping)

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Six weeks pass.

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The sun has baked the sand
above the eggs

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into a protective crust,

48
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but the rainclouds arrive early.

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(Ominous music)

50
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In two of the past five years,

51
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early rain drowned most of the hatchlings.

52
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(water splashing) (thunder roaring)

53
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This is not good.

54
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(Suspenseful music)

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As the rain falls,
the river starts to rise.

56
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(water splashing)

57
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The babies have hatched,

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but they can't yet dig themselves free.

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First, they must wait,

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while they absorb part of their yolk sac.

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(thunder rumbling)

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The river continues to rise,

63
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and before the eggs have all hatched,

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some nests start to flood.

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(water splashing)

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00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:07,400
The sand is getting more
and more waterlogged.

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(Suspenseful music)

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They can't wait any longer.

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(hatchlings squeaking)

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(sand rustling)

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Three days after hatching,

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the baby turtles see
sunlight for the first time.

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(gentle music)

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But their mother's job is not done yet.

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Waiting offshore, they call.

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(turtles croaking)

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It seems as if the mother's song

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guides the hatchlings to
safety amongst the adults.

79
00:06:07,280 --> 00:06:09,640
(sand rustling) (uplifting music)

80
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(birds chirping)

81
00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:26,640
(uplifting music continues)

82
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This year, many mothers
got their timing right,

83
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and over 2 million hatchlings emerge.

84
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(uplifting music continues)

85
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(hatchlings squeaking)

86
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As the hatchlings join
their mothers in the water,

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they add their voices to the chorus.

88
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(hatchlings squeaking)

89
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(turtles croaking)

90
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When fresh water flows are reliable,

91
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parents are able to give their young

92
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an excellent start in life.

93
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But even when water levels are stable,

94
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they may still be dangers
for young animals.

95
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(insects chirping)

96
00:07:56,360 --> 00:07:59,00
(birds squawking)

97
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(Suspenseful music)

98
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(water splashing)

99
00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:12,800
In a steaming swamp in South Carolina,

100
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hungry mouths gather

101
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around the perfect home

102
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for a family of swamp canaries.

103
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(birds chirping)

104
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These parents have
chosen an excellent site,

105
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a slim tree surrounded by water.

106
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(gentle music)

107
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Nests like these are difficult to reach

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from land, water, or air

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for anything but a small bird.

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Useful to protect baby chicks.

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(birds chirping)

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Up to seven of them in a nest.

113
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(pensive music)

114
00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:14,360
As well as feeding their young,

115
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the parents keep their nests clean

116
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by removing the chicks' droppings...

117
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iN poo bags.

118
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(playful music)

119
00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:29,40
(birds chirping)

120
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(birds chirping)

121
00:09:48,00 --> 00:09:52,560
Caring for as many chicks
as this is a two-bird job.

122
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(playful music)

123
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(chicks chirping)

124
00:10:12,360 --> 00:10:15,360
(Suspenseful music)

125
00:10:20,160 --> 00:10:22,480
A small nest may be safe,

126
00:10:23,40 --> 00:10:26,40
but chicks can quickly
grow too big for it.

127
00:10:32,40 --> 00:10:34,480
Leaving their tower will require them

128
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to take their first flight,

129
00:10:38,920 --> 00:10:43,960
but the moat around their
castle is now a major obstacle.

130
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Predators lurk waiting for an easy meal.

131
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(Ominous music)

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It is at least 10 metres
from the nearest tree.

133
00:11:01,320 --> 00:11:02,680
Ready or not,

134
00:11:03,600 --> 00:11:05,280
time to leave the nest.

135
00:11:07,560 --> 00:11:10,440
(wings fluttering) (birds chirping)

136
00:11:13,600 --> 00:11:18,320
The first hatched are the
strongest, and they lead the way.

137
00:11:20,840 --> 00:11:24,240
Later hatched chicks
are smaller and weaker.

138
00:11:25,80 --> 00:11:27,600
(Ominous music)

139
00:11:30,880 --> 00:11:33,00
(wings fluttering)

140
00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:36,720
(water splashing)

141
00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:42,160
The water is no place for a chick,

142
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but there's nothing his parents can do.

143
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(water splashing)

144
00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:58,920
Although he's made it to
the tree, he's still in danger.

145
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But now, his parents can help,

146
00:12:07,200 --> 00:12:09,00
using rewards.

147
00:12:09,80 --> 00:12:11,680
(Suspenseful music)

148
00:12:19,920 --> 00:12:23,00
Bit by bit, they coax him higher.

149
00:12:24,240 --> 00:12:25,960
(wings fluttering)

150
00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:34,880
Just a few more steps.

151
00:12:42,240 --> 00:12:45,640
There now, he's out of immediate danger.

152
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His parents coax the rest of the chicks

153
00:12:52,40 --> 00:12:55,40
to safe hiding places all over the swamp.

154
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They will continue to feed their
chicks for five more weeks.

155
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Large expanses of fresh water
can be dangerous.

156
00:13:12,320 --> 00:13:16,00
Small pools like this one away
from the main Amazon River

157
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are safer for young animals.

158
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The centre is open and clear,

159
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and the edges provide
plenty of hiding places.

160
00:13:29,320 --> 00:13:32,280
Excellent for a family of cichlids,

161
00:13:33,320 --> 00:13:36,560
provided that the parents
can work together.

162
00:13:40,80 --> 00:13:43,120
A carefully chosen rock
in the centre of the pool

163
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camouflages the eggs.

164
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They are starting to hatch.

165
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Wriggling tails, however,
could attract attention.

166
00:14:00,320 --> 00:14:03,40
(playful music)

167
00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:06,520
But the mother gently picks them up

168
00:14:07,560 --> 00:14:10,440
and puts them out of sight under a leaf.

169
00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:19,120
Father does his best to help,

170
00:14:25,40 --> 00:14:26,840
but he's getting in her way.

171
00:14:31,480 --> 00:14:34,00
While mother is collecting more eggs,

172
00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:41,80
she turns around to find that
her partner is at it again.

173
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Caught in the act.

174
00:14:47,640 --> 00:14:50,600
She clearly wants to
finish the job herself.

175
00:14:50,680 --> 00:14:53,40
(gentle upbeat music)

176
00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:56,160
Working alone,

177
00:14:56,240 --> 00:14:59,720
mother gets every last wriggler
tucked away safely,

178
00:15:06,520 --> 00:15:08,960
but she will need father's help

179
00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:12,680
when their wrigglers become swimmers.

180
00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:17,00
Now, both parents must
guide their offspring

181
00:15:17,80 --> 00:15:19,960
to the edge of the pool
where there's more cover.

182
00:15:22,120 --> 00:15:27,80
First step, navigate through
a shoal of curimbata.

183
00:15:29,120 --> 00:15:32,480
It's a job that requires two adults.

184
00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:35,400
(Suspenseful music)

185
00:15:45,480 --> 00:15:48,760
So, now it's father's chance to help.

186
00:15:50,920 --> 00:15:53,760
(Suspenseful music)

187
00:16:06,520 --> 00:16:09,880
They've made it, all fry accounted for,

188
00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:14,280
but they've hit yet another roadblock.

189
00:16:19,240 --> 00:16:21,400
Cichlids are very territorial

190
00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:25,800
and this family has drifted
into someone else's patch.

191
00:16:28,560 --> 00:16:31,00
Their neighbour has turned dark

192
00:16:31,80 --> 00:16:33,280
showing that he really wants them gone.

193
00:16:35,00 --> 00:16:37,640
(Ominous music)

194
00:16:40,440 --> 00:16:42,800
Worse, he might also be hungry

195
00:16:42,880 --> 00:16:46,160
and regard the fry as a welcome snack.

196
00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:54,880
(Suspenseful music)

197
00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:08,520
By coordinating their attack,

198
00:17:11,80 --> 00:17:12,680
they win the fight.

199
00:17:17,360 --> 00:17:21,520
Finally united, they can
continue to their new home.

200
00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:24,280
It's exactly what they need.

201
00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:28,360
The fry can practise swimming
in the spring's bubbles,

202
00:17:29,360 --> 00:17:32,160
and there are plenty of hiding places.

203
00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:35,160
(gentle upbeat music)

204
00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:45,320
Together, the cichlids have made the most

205
00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:48,720
of all this pool has to
offer their young family.

206
00:17:48,960 --> 00:17:50,720
(birds chirping)

207
00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:57,920
In the jungle, there are
fresh water pools everywhere,

208
00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:01,240
in leaves,

209
00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:03,80
fronds,

210
00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:05,440
and holes in trees.

211
00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:07,920
(bright music)

212
00:18:12,120 --> 00:18:14,280
But pools can have problems.

213
00:18:15,720 --> 00:18:18,600
Big ones are likely to attract predators,

214
00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:25,80
and small ones are likely to dry out.

215
00:18:29,00 --> 00:18:32,520
Parents must find the
pools that are just right.

216
00:18:35,840 --> 00:18:37,800
Meet tinctorius,

217
00:18:38,160 --> 00:18:41,280
a poison dart frog
carrying his tadpole.

218
00:18:43,280 --> 00:18:45,240
He needs a pool for it,

219
00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:48,80
and quickly.

220
00:18:49,600 --> 00:18:52,00
This palm leaf may be convenient,

221
00:18:53,960 --> 00:18:56,720
but it's shallow, and exposed,

222
00:18:58,520 --> 00:19:02,320
and could dry out before
a tadpole could develop.

223
00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:04,520
(gentle music)

224
00:19:05,880 --> 00:19:08,880
So, although he leaves one here,

225
00:19:09,120 --> 00:19:11,880
he continues his search for accommodation

226
00:19:11,960 --> 00:19:13,800
for his remaining three.

227
00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:18,880
They are waiting in a leaf,

228
00:19:18,960 --> 00:19:21,680
which will dry out if
left here much longer.

229
00:19:25,360 --> 00:19:27,400
No time to waste.

230
00:19:27,480 --> 00:19:30,880
One climbs immediately
onto its father's back.

231
00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:36,480
To spread his bets,
he needs a different pool.

232
00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:40,40
A hop,

233
00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:41,960
skip,

234
00:19:42,40 --> 00:19:43,280
and a jump,

235
00:19:43,920 --> 00:19:48,400
and he's found somewhere
deeper, but without much food.

236
00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:51,360
He can still do better.

237
00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:52,520
(water splashing)

238
00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:56,480
Night falls,

239
00:19:56,560 --> 00:20:00,00
and he still needs
to find two more pools.

240
00:20:01,00 --> 00:20:04,120
(frog croaking)

241
00:20:05,720 --> 00:20:08,640
A call echoes through the jungle.

242
00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:13,800
(water gurgling)

243
00:20:16,640 --> 00:20:17,840
(frog croaking)

244
00:20:18,160 --> 00:20:21,280
A milk frog with his tadpoles.

245
00:20:25,560 --> 00:20:29,800
His loud calls are invitations
to milk frog females

246
00:20:29,880 --> 00:20:32,520
to lay their eggs in his pool.

247
00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:39,40
Scientists believe that
when a male tinctorius

248
00:20:39,120 --> 00:20:41,560
hears the calls of milk frog fathers,

249
00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:46,760
he may decide that the milk frog's pool

250
00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:49,360
would suit one of his tadpoles.

251
00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:56,840
The next morning, he sets out again

252
00:20:57,120 --> 00:20:59,920
with another tadpole on his back.

253
00:21:00,00 --> 00:21:02,240
(birds chirping)

254
00:21:03,640 --> 00:21:05,360
There's only one problem.

255
00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:08,120
(Suspenseful music)

256
00:21:10,360 --> 00:21:13,760
The milk frog's pool is 20 metres up.

257
00:21:22,120 --> 00:21:25,00
Getting there with a tadpole on his back

258
00:21:25,80 --> 00:21:27,120
will be a long climb.

259
00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:30,160
(Suspenseful music continues)

260
00:21:45,800 --> 00:21:47,640
(dramatic music)

261
00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:54,200
Undeterred, he starts off again.

262
00:21:55,40 --> 00:21:57,640
(Suspenseful music)

263
00:22:07,240 --> 00:22:11,440
It's a huge effort for the
sake of just one tadpole.

264
00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:16,960
(dramatic music)

265
00:22:20,80 --> 00:22:21,240
Made it,

266
00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:25,400
and he's not bothered
by the milk frog.

267
00:22:30,320 --> 00:22:32,960
Not only will his offspring be safe here,

268
00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:36,00
it'll also have plenty to eat,

269
00:22:37,520 --> 00:22:39,880
because milk frog tadpoles

270
00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:43,600
are good food for tinctorius tadpoles,

271
00:22:46,520 --> 00:22:48,600
but he can't rest just yet.

272
00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:54,360
He still has one last
tadpole, which needs a pool.

273
00:22:55,160 --> 00:22:57,600
(Suspenseful music)

274
00:23:08,00 --> 00:23:09,840
(leaves rustling)

275
00:23:18,720 --> 00:23:21,800
This dad will go to extreme heights

276
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:24,640
to find the best pools for his tadpoles.

277
00:23:29,840 --> 00:23:32,960
Parents can afford the
pursuit of perfection

278
00:23:33,40 --> 00:23:35,440
where fresh water is plentiful.

279
00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:39,520
However, where fresh water is rare,

280
00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:41,560
parents have fewer options.

281
00:23:45,240 --> 00:23:46,920
The Namibian desert.

282
00:23:47,920 --> 00:23:51,760
Here, there is very little
water for miles around

283
00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:58,80
except in the breast feathers
of this Namaqua sandgrouse.

284
00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:01,480
They are specially adapted

285
00:24:01,560 --> 00:24:05,00
to absorb up to 25 millilitres of water

286
00:24:06,120 --> 00:24:08,200
and that enables his family

287
00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:11,480
to nest in remote corners of the desert.

288
00:24:16,120 --> 00:24:17,480
But the chicks must drink

289
00:24:17,560 --> 00:24:20,520
at least once every day to survive.

290
00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:25,680
So, father must fetch some for them.

291
00:24:26,680 --> 00:24:29,240
(inspiring music)

292
00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:34,120
Almost 20 miles from their nest,

293
00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:37,960
a thin strip of green
indicates standing water.

294
00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:46,760
The male sandgrouse flies to
this water hole every day.

295
00:24:48,440 --> 00:24:50,160
(Sandgrouse chirping)

296
00:24:50,240 --> 00:24:54,40
Here he joins a flock of
other thirsty sandgrouse,

297
00:24:56,480 --> 00:25:00,40
but they all know better than
to head straight to the water.

298
00:25:00,120 --> 00:25:01,840
(wings fluttering)

299
00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:08,560
First, they settle at a safe distance.

300
00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:10,640
(Ominous music)

301
00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:12,200
Hidden among the rocks,

302
00:25:12,960 --> 00:25:17,160
the flocks' many eyes
scan for lurking threats,

303
00:25:18,200 --> 00:25:21,00
because when fresh water is rare,

304
00:25:21,960 --> 00:25:24,600
it can be used by some as a trap.

305
00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:29,480
A lanner falcon,

306
00:25:30,280 --> 00:25:31,800
a booted eagle,

307
00:25:32,440 --> 00:25:34,400
and an African hawk eagle

308
00:25:34,880 --> 00:25:38,400
have all taken up positions
around the water hole.

309
00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:42,00
(Ominous music)

310
00:25:42,80 --> 00:25:43,360
(Sandgrouse chirping)

311
00:25:43,440 --> 00:25:45,960
Despite the threats, some sandgrouse

312
00:25:46,40 --> 00:25:47,920
decide to take their chance.

313
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:52,640
Parents are vulnerable at the water.

314
00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:55,520
They need at least five minutes in a pond

315
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:57,200
to saturate their feathers.

316
00:25:58,240 --> 00:26:00,560
The more cautious birds wait to see

317
00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:02,840
what happens to the first group.

318
00:26:05,280 --> 00:26:08,240
(Ominous music)

319
00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:10,440
(Sandgrouse chirping)

320
00:26:25,80 --> 00:26:27,40
The lanner picks a target.

321
00:26:35,880 --> 00:26:38,40
(Suspenseful music)

322
00:26:40,800 --> 00:26:41,880
He misses.

323
00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:48,00
The booted eagle sees her chance.

324
00:26:49,760 --> 00:26:52,240
(wings fluttering)
(Sandgrouse chirping)

325
00:26:54,480 --> 00:26:57,160
Together, they keep the flock in the air,

326
00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:01,200
a spectacle visible from all around.

327
00:27:08,280 --> 00:27:10,880
Especially to a male,
judging when it's safe

328
00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:12,880
to collect water for his chicks.

329
00:27:14,360 --> 00:27:16,560
(Suspenseful music)
(Sandgrouse chirping)

330
00:27:21,720 --> 00:27:23,840
Birds of prey seldom stop,

331
00:27:24,640 --> 00:27:26,920
(wings fluttering)

332
00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:30,960
until they make a catch.

333
00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:34,240
(Sandgrouse chirping)

334
00:27:46,80 --> 00:27:49,80
Even now, going alone could be fatal.

335
00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:51,720
He must stick with the group.

336
00:27:52,840 --> 00:27:55,00
(Ominous music)

337
00:27:56,320 --> 00:27:58,240
There's no one left in the air.

338
00:28:00,440 --> 00:28:03,00
If the predators are
concentrating on eating,

339
00:28:03,960 --> 00:28:06,640
now could be the sandgrouse's opportunity.

340
00:28:11,240 --> 00:28:13,240
(wings fluttering)

341
00:28:16,640 --> 00:28:19,280
But they have overlooked someone.

342
00:28:21,920 --> 00:28:23,280
The hawk eagle.

343
00:28:30,680 --> 00:28:31,960
To soak their feathers,

344
00:28:32,40 --> 00:28:35,360
parents must wade deeper into the pool.

345
00:28:35,440 --> 00:28:37,680
(Suspenseful music)

346
00:28:43,40 --> 00:28:45,40
In their desperation for water,

347
00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:48,520
no one notices the eagle's approach.

348
00:28:51,00 --> 00:28:53,640
(Ominous music)

349
00:29:06,40 --> 00:29:08,680
(wings fluttering)
(Sandgrouse chirping)

350
00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:11,40
The father must hold his nerve.

351
00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:15,160
He has not yet collected enough water.

352
00:29:21,40 --> 00:29:23,360
(Ominous music)

353
00:29:25,720 --> 00:29:27,640
(water splashing)

354
00:29:42,120 --> 00:29:43,160
Missed.

355
00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:46,760
(uplifting music)
(wings fluttering)

356
00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:53,320
This father wings his way home,

357
00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:56,00
breast feathers fully loaded with water.

358
00:29:58,600 --> 00:30:01,80
He will have to repeat
this journey every day

359
00:30:01,160 --> 00:30:02,840
for the next eight weeks

360
00:30:04,480 --> 00:30:06,120
until his chicks are ready

361
00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:09,280
to visit the water hole for themselves.

362
00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:12,00
(chicks chirping)

363
00:30:14,120 --> 00:30:15,400
For now,

364
00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:18,200
they can enjoy a good long drink.

365
00:30:24,280 --> 00:30:25,760
The water's presence here

366
00:30:25,840 --> 00:30:28,280
has enabled these parents to succeed.

367
00:30:29,680 --> 00:30:32,920
However, when fresh water isn't reliable,

368
00:30:33,00 --> 00:30:38,00
the journey to parenthood
itself can be laborious.

369
00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:39,920
(waves crashing)

370
00:30:40,00 --> 00:30:43,200
In the Caribbean, five miles upstream

371
00:30:43,280 --> 00:30:46,80
lies a near perfect nursery pool.

372
00:30:49,320 --> 00:30:50,920
Food here is plentiful

373
00:30:51,00 --> 00:30:54,00
and the water tumbling
from the falls above

374
00:30:54,200 --> 00:30:56,640
keeps it clear and oxygenated.

375
00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:01,320
After five months at sea,

376
00:31:01,640 --> 00:31:05,40
a tri-tri goby has climbed 300 metres

377
00:31:05,120 --> 00:31:07,920
to reach this pool and start a family.

378
00:31:11,480 --> 00:31:14,680
His partner is ready to lay her eggs.

379
00:31:14,760 --> 00:31:17,80
(playful music)

380
00:31:17,360 --> 00:31:19,640
Pebbles arranged in the right way

381
00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:22,00
will alter the flow of the current,

382
00:31:22,80 --> 00:31:24,520
creating good conditions for eggs.

383
00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:42,440
His activities attract attention.

384
00:31:43,00 --> 00:31:45,360
(playful music)

385
00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:48,800
Rival males are eager
to take over his nest.

386
00:31:53,40 --> 00:31:55,920
He will have to fight,
if he's to become a father.

387
00:32:01,560 --> 00:32:02,800
Good riddance.

388
00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:09,640
But one thing he can't fight

389
00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:11,640
is the weather.

390
00:32:12,320 --> 00:32:14,960
(thunder rumbling)

391
00:32:15,520 --> 00:32:18,400
A once in a lifetime storm is brewing.

392
00:32:22,160 --> 00:32:24,40
(water splashing)

393
00:32:27,920 --> 00:32:29,960
(wind rustling)

394
00:32:43,40 --> 00:32:45,400
(waterfall rumbling)

395
00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:58,360
Below the fall, the increase in water

396
00:32:58,440 --> 00:33:02,120
has turned the gentle flow
into a whirlpool.

397
00:33:02,880 --> 00:33:05,120
(river rumbling)

398
00:33:13,520 --> 00:33:17,440
The torrent has flushed
him miles back downstream,

399
00:33:19,840 --> 00:33:23,80
but he still has a chance
to become a father,

400
00:33:23,160 --> 00:33:27,920
if he can manage to climb
once again to his nursery pool.

401
00:33:31,40 --> 00:33:34,440
He hasn't done anything like
this since he was a young fish,

402
00:33:36,80 --> 00:33:37,280
and it shows.

403
00:33:38,80 --> 00:33:40,480
(gentle music)

404
00:33:41,520 --> 00:33:45,80
He's a lot bulkier than
when he was younger.

405
00:33:47,00 --> 00:33:49,200
Climbing 300 metres again

406
00:33:49,280 --> 00:33:51,840
won't be easy in his current condition.

407
00:33:54,600 --> 00:33:58,400
Juveniles with boundless
energy dart past him.

408
00:34:03,920 --> 00:34:06,200
Other adults try

409
00:34:07,40 --> 00:34:08,240
and fail.

410
00:34:10,520 --> 00:34:11,960
He pushes on,

411
00:34:12,880 --> 00:34:15,440
but the closer he gets to his pool,

412
00:34:15,520 --> 00:34:17,360
the stronger the current.

413
00:34:17,440 --> 00:34:19,520
(waterfall rumbling)

414
00:34:22,520 --> 00:34:25,200
(Ominous music)

415
00:34:37,640 --> 00:34:39,680
With one final push,

416
00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:42,600
he makes it.

417
00:34:42,680 --> 00:34:44,880
(playful music)

418
00:34:52,00 --> 00:34:54,640
But the pool is unrecognisable.

419
00:34:58,320 --> 00:35:02,120
The storm has scattered all
his carefully selected pebbles.

420
00:35:04,960 --> 00:35:09,280
So, he starts work to
create another nursery.

421
00:35:09,360 --> 00:35:11,160
(gravel rustling)

422
00:35:15,480 --> 00:35:19,800
If he is to become a parent
however, he will need stability.

423
00:35:22,80 --> 00:35:26,680
When fresh water is not stable,
parents must quickly adapt

424
00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:29,00
to ensure a future for their young.

425
00:35:35,520 --> 00:35:36,800
Thailand.

426
00:35:37,120 --> 00:35:39,480
These still waters should offer

427
00:35:39,560 --> 00:35:44,80
a secure foundation for the
family of a lily trotter.

428
00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:47,640
(birds hooting)

429
00:35:49,80 --> 00:35:52,520
Long toes spread his
weight across the lily pads

430
00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:56,400
as he searches for insects
amongst the greenery,

431
00:35:59,320 --> 00:36:02,680
but he also has a special and urgent job.

432
00:36:02,760 --> 00:36:05,00
(upbeat music)

433
00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:08,360
He's building a floating nest.

434
00:36:11,320 --> 00:36:14,120
A messy pile of pond
leaves will have to do.

435
00:36:17,360 --> 00:36:19,480
He must hurry back to his egg.

436
00:36:21,800 --> 00:36:25,40
He misguidedly built his first nest

437
00:36:25,120 --> 00:36:27,400
in the busiest part of the lake.

438
00:36:31,200 --> 00:36:35,680
Boats come so close that
his egg risks being crushed.

439
00:36:38,840 --> 00:36:43,120
He has decided to move to
a quieter neighbourhood.

440
00:36:43,200 --> 00:36:45,120
(upbeat music)

441
00:36:47,320 --> 00:36:49,480
Building a new nest was easy.

442
00:36:54,880 --> 00:36:58,880
Moving an egg without hands
was significantly harder.

443
00:37:02,760 --> 00:37:05,960
Other lily trotters carry
their eggs with their beaks.

444
00:37:08,280 --> 00:37:11,520
This one has adopted a different method.

445
00:37:12,800 --> 00:37:15,520
One that takes a lot longer.

446
00:37:15,600 --> 00:37:17,520
(upbeat music continues)

447
00:37:26,760 --> 00:37:27,760
At last.

448
00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:36,760
Now, he must settle his egg
into this perfect new home

449
00:37:36,840 --> 00:37:39,280
in his perfect new neighbourhood.

450
00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:45,40
But in trying to avoid one threat

451
00:37:47,80 --> 00:37:49,00
he hasn't noticed another.

452
00:37:52,00 --> 00:37:53,280
(wings fluttering)

453
00:37:56,240 --> 00:38:00,800
Caterpillars have invaded
the lake almost overnight.

454
00:38:02,840 --> 00:38:05,280
(sombre music)

455
00:38:09,160 --> 00:38:11,240
They don't have any predators here.

456
00:38:18,240 --> 00:38:22,760
His precious chick has
hatched into devastation.

457
00:38:23,360 --> 00:38:25,960
(sombre music)

458
00:38:31,640 --> 00:38:34,00
The insects that live amongst the lilies

459
00:38:34,80 --> 00:38:35,760
are harder to find,

460
00:38:36,400 --> 00:38:37,760
let alone catch,

461
00:38:40,520 --> 00:38:43,400
and the caterpillars
are completely inedible.

462
00:38:48,680 --> 00:38:51,00
His chick needs food.

463
00:38:54,120 --> 00:38:57,920
Once again, he will have
to find somewhere better.

464
00:39:03,00 --> 00:39:05,520
Lily trotters aren't built for this,

465
00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:13,640
but walking is their only option.

466
00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:16,720
The chick can't yet fly.

467
00:39:17,600 --> 00:39:20,120
(sombre music)

468
00:39:20,360 --> 00:39:22,640
(insects chirping)

469
00:39:35,440 --> 00:39:39,600
These are the last remaining
lilies in the lake.

470
00:39:40,480 --> 00:39:42,960
(sombre music)

471
00:39:49,240 --> 00:39:50,600
It's not perfect,

472
00:39:51,960 --> 00:39:54,560
but there are plenty of
insects for his chick.

473
00:39:57,400 --> 00:39:59,800
Here, it can thrive.

474
00:40:06,640 --> 00:40:09,160
(gentle music)

475
00:40:16,400 --> 00:40:18,800
Lily trotters are not the only parents

476
00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:23,320
who must settle for less than
perfect in our changing world.

477
00:40:25,400 --> 00:40:28,240
(wind whooshing)

478
00:40:28,320 --> 00:40:31,480
In East Africa, as the climate heats,

479
00:40:31,560 --> 00:40:35,40
rainfall is becoming less predictable.

480
00:40:35,120 --> 00:40:37,280
(elephant grumbling)

481
00:40:37,360 --> 00:40:41,360
This elephant matriarch
has kept her family alive

482
00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:44,280
throughout two years of drought.

483
00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:47,160
(birds chirping) (flies buzzing)

484
00:40:47,680 --> 00:40:52,160
She's leading them to the last
flowing water she knows of,

485
00:40:52,240 --> 00:40:54,560
the Ewaso Nyiro River.

486
00:40:58,160 --> 00:41:00,840
This is the only place for miles around,

487
00:41:00,920 --> 00:41:04,200
which still has any water
or food for grazing animals.

488
00:41:08,160 --> 00:41:11,280
Until rain and good
grazing return elsewhere,

489
00:41:11,360 --> 00:41:15,40
this is an oasis for the whole family.

490
00:41:15,120 --> 00:41:17,360
(elephants grumbling)

491
00:41:23,960 --> 00:41:26,480
(elephants trumpeting)

492
00:41:34,640 --> 00:41:37,80
They haven't drunk for days.

493
00:41:38,480 --> 00:41:40,680
This is a chance for a mother

494
00:41:40,800 --> 00:41:44,200
to demonstrate good trunk technique.

495
00:41:44,280 --> 00:41:46,160
(water splashing)

496
00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:49,960
Her calf certainly needs the tutorial.

497
00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:55,160
Step one, get water into your trunk.

498
00:41:58,200 --> 00:42:01,840
Step two, get water from
your trunk to your mouth.

499
00:42:04,160 --> 00:42:06,600
(gentle music)

500
00:42:06,840 --> 00:42:10,760
Sometimes it's easier to
take a more direct route.

501
00:42:18,520 --> 00:42:21,960
These days spent in the cool, calm river,

502
00:42:22,40 --> 00:42:25,800
are much needed relief for
the whole elephant family.

503
00:42:25,880 --> 00:42:28,00
(elephants trumpeting)

504
00:42:34,560 --> 00:42:36,720
(elephant grumbling)

505
00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:51,920
But the elephants are not the
only travellers seeking refuge.

506
00:42:52,800 --> 00:42:55,200
(sombre music)

507
00:43:00,240 --> 00:43:03,160
(cattle bellowing)

508
00:43:14,280 --> 00:43:16,360
The elephant matriarch decides

509
00:43:16,440 --> 00:43:20,360
that it's not safe enough for
trunk lessons to continue.

510
00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:27,960
Wild elephants and human beings
usually avoid one another.

511
00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:32,120
Each is too dangerous to the other.

512
00:43:33,480 --> 00:43:36,880
In this drought, however,
they have no choice,

513
00:43:36,960 --> 00:43:40,240
but to share the river and the grass

514
00:43:40,680 --> 00:43:42,320
until rain returns.

515
00:43:42,400 --> 00:43:44,920
(cattle bellowing) (bells ringing)

516
00:43:50,880 --> 00:43:52,680
Weeks pass.

517
00:43:52,960 --> 00:43:55,680
Herders and elephants
crisscross the river

518
00:43:55,760 --> 00:43:58,360
in search of any grazing that remains.

519
00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:06,40
So many mouths to feed
takes a toll on the land

520
00:44:06,880 --> 00:44:08,360
stripping it bare.

521
00:44:10,00 --> 00:44:12,200
(sand rustling)

522
00:44:19,840 --> 00:44:22,360
At last, the elephant matriarch

523
00:44:22,440 --> 00:44:25,360
senses something familiar on the horizon.

524
00:44:30,160 --> 00:44:33,360
Rain is falling on the distant mountains

525
00:44:33,440 --> 00:44:34,800
that feed the river.

526
00:44:35,480 --> 00:44:37,480
(elephant grumbling)

527
00:44:37,560 --> 00:44:39,800
This should be a good sign,

528
00:44:39,920 --> 00:44:43,600
but the hotter the air,
the more moisture it stores.

529
00:44:45,120 --> 00:44:48,00
(thunder rumbling)

530
00:44:48,360 --> 00:44:51,480
So when, after a long hot drought,

531
00:44:51,560 --> 00:44:53,400
rain finally comes,

532
00:44:54,240 --> 00:44:56,80
there is much more of it.

533
00:44:59,280 --> 00:45:02,680
The distant deluge
runs off the parched earth

534
00:45:02,760 --> 00:45:04,920
and becomes a flash flood.

535
00:45:05,640 --> 00:45:07,640
(river rumbling)

536
00:45:24,800 --> 00:45:27,120
(cattle bellowing)

537
00:45:29,560 --> 00:45:31,400
The herds have been caught out

538
00:45:32,640 --> 00:45:35,00
split apart by the sudden flood.

539
00:45:36,440 --> 00:45:38,720
(cattle bellowing)

540
00:45:42,720 --> 00:45:44,600
The herders have no choice,

541
00:45:44,680 --> 00:45:47,880
but to cross and keep
their livestock together.

542
00:45:54,40 --> 00:45:57,00
The elephant family has
also been caught out

543
00:45:57,840 --> 00:46:00,160
trapped on the wrong side of the river.

544
00:46:02,320 --> 00:46:04,680
(Ominous music)

545
00:46:06,320 --> 00:46:08,640
To follow the rain to fresh grazing,

546
00:46:08,720 --> 00:46:11,560
the matriarch must find a way to cross,

547
00:46:11,640 --> 00:46:13,800
while keeping the youngest safe.

548
00:46:17,280 --> 00:46:19,520
(river rumbling)

549
00:46:24,360 --> 00:46:27,400
She tests the current with her trunk,

550
00:46:27,480 --> 00:46:29,40
assessing whether or not

551
00:46:29,120 --> 00:46:31,480
the youngest can manage the crossing.

552
00:46:33,120 --> 00:46:34,600
(elephant snorting)

553
00:46:37,640 --> 00:46:41,200
The flow seems gentle enough on this side,

554
00:46:44,520 --> 00:46:48,120
but the current runs swifter
near the opposite bank.

555
00:46:51,760 --> 00:46:54,00
(water splashing)

556
00:47:04,880 --> 00:47:07,560
(elephant grumbling)

557
00:47:08,560 --> 00:47:10,240
As the current gets faster,

558
00:47:11,40 --> 00:47:14,680
the adults use their bodies
to shield the calves.

559
00:47:16,920 --> 00:47:19,480
(Suspenseful music)

560
00:47:27,600 --> 00:47:30,960
As the family enters the
swiftest part of the river,

561
00:47:36,40 --> 00:47:38,80
a calf loses its footing.

562
00:47:40,80 --> 00:47:42,480
(calf snorting)

563
00:47:44,80 --> 00:47:46,200
(calf grunting)

564
00:47:52,680 --> 00:47:56,600
So far, the matriarch has
kept her family together,

565
00:47:57,880 --> 00:48:00,480
but now, she has a decision to make.

566
00:48:02,160 --> 00:48:05,160
Press on towards fresh grazing

567
00:48:06,840 --> 00:48:09,680
or turn back to keep her calves safe.

568
00:48:11,320 --> 00:48:13,720
(elephants grumbling)

569
00:48:18,200 --> 00:48:22,120
She has decided the risks of crossing

570
00:48:22,200 --> 00:48:24,680
have become greater than
the pangs of hunger.

571
00:48:35,760 --> 00:48:38,00
(gentle music)

572
00:48:38,80 --> 00:48:42,320
The matriarch has protected
her youngest from this flood,

573
00:48:45,840 --> 00:48:47,800
but as the world gets hotter,

574
00:48:47,880 --> 00:48:51,440
droughts and floods are
becoming more intense,

575
00:48:52,400 --> 00:48:53,680
(elephant trumpeting)

576
00:48:53,760 --> 00:48:57,400
destabilising life for parents everywhere.

577
00:49:00,640 --> 00:49:04,760
Already we are adapting to
changing fresh water patterns,

578
00:49:05,840 --> 00:49:08,640
(cattle bellowing)

579
00:49:11,600 --> 00:49:13,360
but we can choose

580
00:49:13,440 --> 00:49:16,400
to give the next generation
a better future,

581
00:49:18,280 --> 00:49:21,600
a world with more reliable fresh water.

582
00:49:26,960 --> 00:49:28,440
What a gift.

583
00:49:34,920 --> 00:49:37,200
(river rumbling)

584
00:49:42,200 --> 00:49:43,680
As the climate heats,

585
00:49:43,760 --> 00:49:46,960
rainfall is becoming
less reliable everywhere.

586
00:49:48,280 --> 00:49:52,600
There is often too much or too
little and at the wrong time.

587
00:49:55,200 --> 00:49:58,440
A significant challenge
for the "Parenthood" crews,

588
00:49:58,520 --> 00:50:00,160
while filming the series.

589
00:50:01,160 --> 00:50:03,960
- We've got all kinds of flooding
going on here in Paradise Valley.

590
00:50:04,40 --> 00:50:06,160
Unprecedented flooding, like 100 years

591
00:50:06,240 --> 00:50:08,480
since we've had water
levels this high.

592
00:50:09,00 --> 00:50:11,600
— There's been a drought
here from since December

593
00:50:11,680 --> 00:50:13,800
and we're now in April.

594
00:50:14,00 --> 00:50:15,440
— It is unusual.

595
00:50:15,680 --> 00:50:18,240
Different than any other
year | have seen.

596
00:50:18,360 --> 00:50:19,600
— Sounds like the water levels

597
00:50:19,680 --> 00:50:22,960
are rising quicker than anyone expected.

598
00:50:23,120 --> 00:50:25,600
— Every day it's incrementally
getting hotter and hotter.

599
00:50:25,680 --> 00:50:27,880
We haven't had rain in
the park for about a week

600
00:50:27,960 --> 00:50:29,600
and there's no sign of it
on the horizon,

601
00:50:29,680 --> 00:50:31,760
and we're actually in the
middle of our rainy season.

602
00:50:31,880 --> 00:50:33,840
— Yeah, this is a lot of rain.

603
00:50:33,920 --> 00:50:35,720
Even for Amazonian
standards,

604
00:50:36,720 --> 00:50:39,760
it's beyond anything I've
seen this time of the year.

605
00:50:40,80 --> 00:50:41,400
— It's a bit worrying, really,

606
00:50:41,480 --> 00:50:42,920
because the monsoon
isn't actually

607
00:50:43,00 --> 00:50:44,560
meant to start for
another month.

608
00:50:48,480 --> 00:50:49,880
— [Attenborough] In Northern Kenya,

609
00:50:49,960 --> 00:50:52,360
the rain was especially hard to predict.

610
00:50:53,560 --> 00:50:55,960
The crew were hoping to film elephants

611
00:50:56,40 --> 00:50:57,920
in the height of the wet season,

612
00:50:59,600 --> 00:51:03,640
but when they arrived,
the rains had not yet come.

613
00:51:04,600 --> 00:51:06,960
(insects chirping)

614
00:51:07,40 --> 00:51:10,680
East Africa was in the
grip of a historic drought

615
00:51:12,00 --> 00:51:14,40
and the consequences for both wildlife

616
00:51:14,120 --> 00:51:16,520
and people became clear.

617
00:51:18,240 --> 00:51:20,280
— Right. So, we've just been
filming a group of elephants

618
00:51:20,360 --> 00:51:21,840
that were approaching the river

619
00:51:21,920 --> 00:51:24,760
and they just ran into
a big herd of cattle.

620
00:51:25,280 --> 00:51:28,240
And quite literally, the cows
were blocking the elephants

621
00:51:28,320 --> 00:51:29,640
from even crossing the river.

622
00:51:29,720 --> 00:51:32,200
So, the elephants have
all just turned back.

623
00:51:32,280 --> 00:51:35,800
-— The reality now of filming is one of

624
00:51:36,00 --> 00:51:38,680
watching thousands of cattle

625
00:51:38,760 --> 00:51:41,600
coming through an area
where elephants should be.

626
00:51:42,40 --> 00:51:45,480
How do you deal with 10,000
cattle, as an elephant?

627
00:51:45,560 --> 00:51:47,400
It's a whole level of parenting skills

628
00:51:47,480 --> 00:51:50,80
that they're not equipped to deal with.

629
00:51:50,160 --> 00:51:52,480
— These herders,
these pastoral people,

630
00:51:52,560 --> 00:51:54,520
although they're not
allowed to be in the park,

631
00:51:54,600 --> 00:51:55,800
they just have no choice.

632
00:51:55,960 --> 00:51:58,640
They're all competing
for that little resource.

633
00:51:58,720 --> 00:52:00,520
It's a very difficult time.

634
00:52:00,680 --> 00:52:02,840
— Everybody is looking for it,
for green grass

635
00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:04,720
and good food for the animal,
and water.

636
00:52:04,800 --> 00:52:06,320
So, everybody here is trying

637
00:52:06,400 --> 00:52:08,960
maybe to look for a ways of Survival.

638
00:52:09,40 --> 00:52:10,240
(birds chirping)

639
00:52:10,320 --> 00:52:12,480
— [Attenborough] The lack of
fresh water and grass

640
00:52:12,560 --> 00:52:16,200
has put both people and
elephants under immense pressure.

641
00:52:17,440 --> 00:52:19,920
— In the past, you know,
there was a big threat,

642
00:52:20,00 --> 00:52:22,120
which was elephants being
killed for their ivory,

643
00:52:22,240 --> 00:52:24,280
but today, we see things shifting

644
00:52:24,360 --> 00:52:27,760
into the competition
of space and resources

645
00:52:27,840 --> 00:52:29,400
being the biggest challenge.

646
00:52:30,840 --> 00:52:34,120
It's a conflict that results
into elephants being wounded

647
00:52:34,200 --> 00:52:37,840
or elephants wounding people
or even killing people.

648
00:52:37,920 --> 00:52:40,320
And hence, you know, that
also causing a lot of tension

649
00:52:40,400 --> 00:52:41,760
between the two species.

650
00:52:42,520 --> 00:52:43,920
— So, we got a dead elephant here.

651
00:52:44,00 --> 00:52:45,640
We don't know the cause of death yet.

652
00:52:45,720 --> 00:52:47,480
He was fine literally an hour ago,

653
00:52:47,560 --> 00:52:49,240
and then he's just collapsed.

654
00:52:49,560 --> 00:52:51,720
Very, very sad to see an
elephant go like this.

655
00:52:51,880 --> 00:52:54,280
Especially a bull
who's not even that old.

656
00:52:54,360 --> 00:52:56,640
He was just coming into his prime.

657
00:52:56,720 --> 00:52:57,920
That's very sad.

658
00:52:59,00 --> 00:53:01,680
— [Attenborough] Elephants are
astonishingly social.

659
00:53:02,760 --> 00:53:06,80
A death in the community
can have a big impact.

660
00:53:06,360 --> 00:53:08,360
— Just seems to be trying to scent

661
00:53:08,440 --> 00:53:09,960
and see what happened yesterday.

662
00:53:10,40 --> 00:53:12,40
They're trying to
understand the situation.

663
00:53:12,120 --> 00:53:14,560
(sombre music)

664
00:53:16,440 --> 00:53:18,960
— [Attenborough] The elephants
returned day after day

665
00:53:19,40 --> 00:53:20,560
to visit the body

666
00:53:21,480 --> 00:53:23,440
until it was time to move on.

667
00:53:29,920 --> 00:53:31,440
Drought and conflict

668
00:53:31,520 --> 00:53:34,680
are now leaving many young
elephants without families.

669
00:53:38,120 --> 00:53:40,400
Families who would normally provide them

670
00:53:40,480 --> 00:53:43,40
with protection and important lessons.

671
00:53:46,480 --> 00:53:48,360
So, in their absence,

672
00:53:49,520 --> 00:53:53,640
the community is stepping in
to parent orphaned elephants.

673
00:53:58,880 --> 00:54:01,840
— A lot of babies that
have fallen into wells,

674
00:54:01,920 --> 00:54:04,880
because of searching for
that precious resource,

675
00:54:04,960 --> 00:54:06,00
you know, the water.

676
00:54:07,120 --> 00:54:09,280
(elephant grumbling)

677
00:54:11,240 --> 00:54:14,160
— This baby here, she's called Megus

678
00:54:14,480 --> 00:54:18,360
and she came here as a result
of falling into a well.

679
00:54:18,440 --> 00:54:19,760
When it is dry season,

680
00:54:19,840 --> 00:54:22,120
sometimes they don't come
back for their babies.

681
00:54:22,200 --> 00:54:23,800
So, her mother didn't come back,

682
00:54:23,880 --> 00:54:27,160
and that's why we got
this little baby here.

683
00:54:28,00 --> 00:54:30,760
When baby elephants are in the bush,

684
00:54:30,840 --> 00:54:33,200
they learn so many things
from their mothers,

685
00:54:33,280 --> 00:54:34,840
from their family.

686
00:54:34,920 --> 00:54:38,80
So, as keepers, we are also
teaching them some things.

687
00:54:38,160 --> 00:54:40,680
(gentle music)

688
00:54:41,40 --> 00:54:43,800
— [Attenborough] They teach them
which leaves are good to eat,

689
00:54:45,360 --> 00:54:47,360
make sure they get enough to drink,

690
00:54:49,600 --> 00:54:52,680
and help them to have a good old dust bath

691
00:54:52,760 --> 00:54:54,800
just as their mothers would've done.

692
00:54:56,200 --> 00:54:58,120
— They move into our family.

693
00:54:58,200 --> 00:55:01,240
What | like most is staying
with babies who are stressed,

694
00:55:01,320 --> 00:55:04,560
because I know how to calm them down.

695
00:55:04,640 --> 00:55:06,40
Baby elephants like singing.

696
00:55:06,120 --> 00:55:09,920
They like music, more so
they like pop music so much.

697
00:55:10,120 --> 00:55:12,760
(keepers singing)

698
00:55:15,880 --> 00:55:18,360
(elephants trumpeting)

699
00:55:18,600 --> 00:55:20,800
Reteti has started 2016 August.

700
00:55:20,880 --> 00:55:23,400
Since the beginning, we have released

701
00:55:23,480 --> 00:55:25,480
10 baby elephants back to the wild.

702
00:55:26,360 --> 00:55:29,360
The staff that we have
here, it's 91 of them,

703
00:55:29,440 --> 00:55:32,840
and all of them are from
the local community around.

704
00:55:33,00 --> 00:55:34,680
(keepers chatting)

705
00:55:34,760 --> 00:55:38,200
— Elephants have changed
the life of my community

706
00:55:38,280 --> 00:55:40,320
through employment,

707
00:55:40,840 --> 00:55:42,400
through education,

708
00:55:42,480 --> 00:55:44,840
through women empowerment.

709
00:55:46,320 --> 00:55:50,640
As they grow with your friendship,
they never forget that.

710
00:55:50,720 --> 00:55:53,280
Even when they're big, when they hear you,

711
00:55:53,360 --> 00:55:56,200
when they see you, they
give you some nice kisses.

712
00:55:56,320 --> 00:55:59,80
Holding you like their own family.

713
00:55:59,720 --> 00:56:01,640
(gentle upbeat music)

714
00:56:01,720 --> 00:56:06,240
I'm very privileged to say
| love elephants

715
00:56:06,320 --> 00:56:09,40
and | wish to support them.

716
00:56:10,680 --> 00:56:12,800
— [Attenborough] Reteti Elephant Sanctuary

717
00:56:12,880 --> 00:56:15,440
has demonstrated
what great benefits can come

718
00:56:15,920 --> 00:56:17,600
from protecting wildlife.

719
00:56:18,920 --> 00:56:20,640
(elephant snorting)

720
00:56:24,960 --> 00:56:27,920
While the climate changes
and resources dwindle,

721
00:56:29,280 --> 00:56:34,40
every community can find ways
to support the natural world.

722
00:56:34,720 --> 00:56:36,880
(birds chirping)

723
00:56:38,760 --> 00:56:41,320
(uplifting music)